{
  "$schema": "https://schema.org/Dataset",
  "name": "The Bia Hoi Index 2026",
  "description": "Four-tier beer price ranges (VND) across 12 Vietnamese cities — Hanoi, Hai Phong, Hue, Da Nang, Hoi An, Quy Nhon, Nha Trang, Da Lat, Ho Chi Minh City, Vung Tau, Can Tho and Phu Quoc — covering fresh draught (bia hoi or bia tuoi) per glass, a local bottle or can at an ordinary venue, a craft pour, and a beer in the tourist zone or on a rooftop, with USD conversions at 26,000 VND per dollar, the dominant local brand per city and per-row sources. Bia hoi is recorded as a northern institution that thins going south.",
  "publisher": "Day Trips Vietnam",
  "publisher_url": "https://daytripsvietnam.com",
  "source_url": "https://daytripsvietnam.com/guides/vietnam-beer-price-index-2026/",
  "methodology_url": "https://daytripsvietnam.com/guides/vietnam-beer-price-index-2026/#methodology",
  "license": "CC BY 4.0",
  "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "temporal_coverage": "2026",
  "spatial_coverage": "Hanoi, Hai Phong, Hue, Da Nang, Hoi An, Quy Nhon, Nha Trang, Da Lat, Ho Chi Minh City, Vung Tau, Can Tho, Phu Quoc (Vietnam)",
  "updated": "2026-09-11",
  "version": "2026.1",
  "suggested_citation": "Day Trips Vietnam, \"The Bia Hoi Index 2026: Beer Prices in 12 Cities\" (September 2026), https://daytripsvietnam.com/guides/vietnam-beer-price-index-2026/",
  "headline": {
    "hanoi_bia_hoi_vnd": "10,000-15,000 a glass",
    "hanoi_bia_hoi_usd": "0.38-0.58",
    "cheapest_restaurant_draught": "Nha Trang, about 16,000 VND for a 0.5 litre domestic draught (Numbeo median, 6 August 2026, 250 entries from 26 contributors)",
    "dearest_single_beer": "Sky36 Da Nang, 390,000 VND for a 500 ml Asahi before 5 percent service and 10 percent VAT, about 450,000 VND all-in",
    "widest_in_city_spread": "Ho Chi Minh City, from 16,000 VND for a Bia Saigon Lager at a Tan Phu quan nhau to 250,000 VND plus 15 percent for a craft pint at Chill Skybar",
    "north_south_bia_hoi_gap": "A bia hoi glass costs 10,000-15,000 VND in Hanoi and 25,000-30,000 VND in Ho Chi Minh City, where the format survives mainly at bars branded 'Bia Hoi Ha Noi'",
    "regional_brand_split": "Bia Ha Noi (Habeco) north, Huda (Carlsberg, brewed in Hue) north-central, Larue (Heineken, born in Da Nang in 1909) Da Nang and Quang Nam, Bia Saigon and 333 (Sabeco) south",
    "note": "Beer's special consumption tax stays at 65 percent through 2026 and rises to 70 percent on 1 January 2027, then five points a year to 90 percent in 2031, under Law 66/2025/QH15 passed on 14 June 2025."
  },
  "methodology": {
    "collection_window": "2026-08",
    "reference_serves": {
      "bia_hoi_vnd": "One glass of fresh, unpasteurised draught — bia hoi in the north, bia tuoi elsewhere — as poured at a street stall, beer garden or quan nhau. Serve sizes are not standard: a Hanoi bia hoi glass is roughly 330 ml, a Da Nang plastic glass 500 ml, and Numbeo's crowdsourced benchmark a 0.5 litre restaurant draught. The serve is stated in each row note.",
      "local_bottle_vnd": "A bottle or can of the locally dominant mainstream brand at an ordinary, non-tourist venue, or the shop price where no venue menu could be sourced. The row records which.",
      "craft_pour_vnd": "A standard craft pour at a named taproom, with the volume stated. Vietnamese taprooms price by small/standard/stein rather than by pint, so a like-for-like pint does not exist.",
      "tourist_bar_vnd": "A beer in the main visitor concentration — old quarter, beachfront, backpacker strip or rooftop. Where a venue quotes prices before tax and service, both the list price and the all-in figure are given."
    },
    "exchange_rate": {
      "vnd_per_usd": 26000,
      "note": "USD conversions use a rounded 26,000 VND = 1 USD. The dong traded at 26,124.5 per USD on 22 August 2026 (Trading Economics), so rounded conversions overstate dollar prices by under 1 percent.",
      "source": "https://tradingeconomics.com/vietnam/currency"
    },
    "tourist_markup_midpoint": "Ratio of the tourist-zone range midpoint to the local-bottle range midpoint, rounded to one decimal; null where either range is missing",
    "cross_city_backbone": {
      "source": "https://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living/",
      "note": "Numbeo's per-city 'domestic draught beer, 0.5 litre, restaurant' and 'domestic beer, 0.5 litre bottle, market' lines are used as the one measure available on the same basis in every city. Each row states Numbeo's last-update date and contributor count, which vary 25-fold across these cities. Rows where Numbeo reported zero or near-zero contributors, or values identical to a neighbouring city (a sign of estimation), were rejected rather than published."
    },
    "notes": [
      "Ranges, never averages — sources publish menu prices and bands, not distributions.",
      "Vietnamese-language venue listicles almost always quote a per-person bill range rather than a drink price. Every 'gia: 40.000 - 200.000d' figure of that kind was excluded; mining them would corrupt the dataset.",
      "Sapa, Ninh Binh and Ha Long were researched and dropped. Sapa: three venue round-ups naming 13 bars and 12 quan nhau publish no drink price at all. Ninh Binh: ten bia hoi venues are documented by address as of January 2026, but no per-glass price is published anywhere and the Numbeo row has zero contributors. Ha Long: zero Numbeo entries in twelve months. We do not publish rows we cannot source.",
      "Depth varies sharply by row and is graded. Hanoi, Hue, Da Nang, Hoi An, Nha Trang and Ho Chi Minh City carry all four tiers from named venues or dated reporting. Da Lat and Phu Quoc carry three. Hai Phong, Quy Nhon, Vung Tau and Can Tho are thin and are published with explicit nulls.",
      "Several widely republished figures were traced to stale originals and excluded: Louisiane Brewhouse's '125,000 VND tasting tray' dates to 2017 against a 2026 menu price of 165,000; 7 Bridges' Da Nang taproom has been closed since about 2022 yet is still priced in 2026 guides; and Chill Skybar's '88,000 VND happy hour' comes from a 2017 review contradicted by the venue's current menu.",
      "The '50 cent beer' marketing line could not be verified at any named central or southern venue. The cheapest venue-level, named-address beer in this index is 20,000 VND — happy-hour draught Huda at 3 Dragons, 51 Phan Boi Chau, Hoi An.",
      "Confidence: high = a venue's own published menu or two or more dated 2025-2026 sources; medium = one dated source or a deep crowdsourced sample; low = a thin crowdsourced sample or an undated trade page, flagged in the row note."
    ]
  },
  "context": {
    "market_shares_2023": {
      "heineken_vietnam": 43.0,
      "sabeco": 33.9,
      "carlsberg_vietnam": 9.2,
      "habeco": 7.5,
      "others": 6.4,
      "sources": [
        "https://b-company.jp/vietnam-beer-market-2026-outlook",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beer_in_Vietnam"
      ]
    },
    "regional_consumption_share_percent": {
      "south": 59,
      "north": 35,
      "central": 6,
      "source": "https://b-company.jp/vietnam-beer-market-2026-outlook"
    },
    "special_consumption_tax_on_beer": {
      "law": "Law No. 66/2025/QH15 on Special Consumption Tax, passed 14 June 2025, in force 1 January 2026",
      "schedule": { "2026": 65, "2027": 70, "2028": 75, "2029": 80, "2030": 85, "2031": 90 },
      "note": "Beer was already taxed at 65 percent, so the first real increase lands on 1 January 2027.",
      "sources": [
        "https://en.vneconomy.vn/amended-law-on-special-consumption-tax-promulgated.htm",
        "https://www.esmmagazine.com/drinks/vietnam-parliament-approves-hiking-tax-on-alcoholic-drinks-to-90-by-2031-290475"
      ]
    },
    "drink_drive_enforcement": {
      "decree_100_2019": "Effective 1 January 2020, zero blood-alcohol tolerance for all drivers. Sabeco's 2020 revenue fell 27 percent against 2019 as on-trade volume moved off-trade, though the effect is confounded with COVID-19. Habeco's 2023 consumption volume was about 30 percent below 2019.",
      "decree_168_2024": "Effective 1 January 2025, replacing most of Decree 100's penalty schedule and adding a twelve-point licence. Motorbike riders face 2-3 million VND at any detectable alcohol, rising to 8-10 million VND plus a 22-24 month licence revocation; car drivers 6-8 million rising to 30-40 million VND.",
      "measured_effect": "Sabeco's Q1 2025 net revenue fell 19.1 percent year on year to 5,811 billion VND and beer volume 14.7 percent to 274 million litres, attributed to Decree 168. FY2025 revenue of 25,888 billion VND was down 19 percent and its weakest since 2015.",
      "sources": [
        "https://assets.kpmg.com/content/dam/kpmgsites/vn/pdf/2024/03/decree-100-on-vietnam-beer-industry.pdf",
        "https://shinhansec.com.vn/uploads/report/SAB_Update__Q1_2026.pdf",
        "https://asiabrewersnetwork.com/news/sabeco-reports-weakest-annual-revenue-in-a-decade",
        "https://blog.vietnamteachingjobs.com/what-are-the-fines-for-drunk-driving-in-vietnam/"
      ]
    }
  },
  "cities": [
    {
      "city": "Hanoi",
      "region": "north",
      "dominant_local_brand": "Bia Ha Noi and Bia Hoi Ha Noi (Habeco); Truc Bach as the premium line",
      "bia_hoi_vnd": { "min": 10000, "max": 15000 },
      "local_bottle_vnd": { "min": 23000, "max": 40000 },
      "craft_pour_vnd": { "min": 80000, "max": 90000 },
      "tourist_bar_vnd": { "min": 80000, "max": 200000 },
      "bia_hoi_usd": { "min": 0.38, "max": 0.58 },
      "local_bottle_usd": { "min": 0.88, "max": 1.54 },
      "craft_pour_usd": { "min": 3.08, "max": 3.46 },
      "tourist_bar_usd": { "min": 3.08, "max": 7.69 },
      "tourist_markup_midpoint": 4.4,
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "The reference city for bia hoi. A roughly 330 ml glass runs 10,000-15,000 VND at the Ta Hien beer corner (January 2026) and 12,000-18,000 at named neighbourhood stalls — Bia Hoi Bat Dan 14,000, Hai Xom 13,000, Cuong Hoi 12,000-18,000. VnExpress recorded 12,000 a glass at the subsidy-era bar at 115 Quan Thanh in August 2024. Local bottle spans the 23,084 VND retail median to about 40,000 for a Tiger in a bar. Craft is per half-pint at Standing Bar; 100 Garden charges 90,000 for 375 ml. Tourist tier runs 80,000 for a bottle at 1900 Le Theatre to 100,000-200,000 in Vinahouse clubs; those two figures date to December 2024. Habeco raised keg wholesale prices about 5-7 percent from 1 April 2026, its strongest adjustment in three years.",
      "sources": [
        "https://sinhcafe.com/ta-hien-beer-street",
        "https://asiamystika.com/blog/bia-hoi-hanoi",
        "https://vnexpress.net/thu-uong-bia-bao-cap-cua-nguoi-ha-noi-4778879.html",
        "https://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living/in/Hanoi",
        "https://www.jakarta100bars.com/hanoi-nightlife",
        "https://24hmoney.vn/news/bia-hoi-ha-noi-tang-gia-moi-coc-dat-them-bao-nhieu-c25a2763582.html",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bia_h%C6%A1i"
      ]
    },
    {
      "city": "Hai Phong",
      "region": "north",
      "dominant_local_brand": "Bia Ha Noi (Habeco) territory; no city-specific brand sourced",
      "bia_hoi_vnd": { "min": 15000, "max": 50000 },
      "local_bottle_vnd": { "min": 15000, "max": 33000 },
      "craft_pour_vnd": null,
      "tourist_bar_vnd": null,
      "bia_hoi_usd": { "min": 0.58, "max": 1.92 },
      "local_bottle_usd": { "min": 0.58, "max": 1.27 },
      "craft_pour_usd": null,
      "tourist_bar_usd": null,
      "tourist_markup_midpoint": null,
      "confidence": "low",
      "note": "Thin row, published for the northern comparison only. The figures are Numbeo's crowdsourced ranges for a 0.5 litre restaurant draught (median 20,000 VND) and a 0.5 litre retail bottle (median 20,000), last updated 21 August 2026 but on only 16 contributors over 18 months. An imported 0.33 litre bottle in a restaurant runs about 40,000 VND. At the median, Hai Phong's restaurant draught is a third cheaper than Hanoi's on the same platform and the same update date. No craft taproom or tourist-zone price could be sourced.",
      "sources": [
        "https://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living/city_result.jsp?country=Vietnam&city=Hai+Phong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "city": "Hue",
      "region": "north-central",
      "dominant_local_brand": "Huda (Carlsberg Vietnam, brewed at Phu Bai in Hue)",
      "bia_hoi_vnd": { "min": 15000, "max": 25000 },
      "local_bottle_vnd": { "min": 25000, "max": 45000 },
      "craft_pour_vnd": { "min": 50000, "max": 100000 },
      "tourist_bar_vnd": { "min": 25000, "max": 100000 },
      "bia_hoi_usd": { "min": 0.58, "max": 0.96 },
      "local_bottle_usd": { "min": 0.96, "max": 1.73 },
      "craft_pour_usd": { "min": 1.92, "max": 3.85 },
      "tourist_bar_usd": { "min": 0.96, "max": 3.85 },
      "tourist_markup_midpoint": 1.8,
      "confidence": "medium",
      "note": "Huda's home city, and the clearest case of a regional brand owning a market: Carlsberg bought Hue Brewery outright in 2011 and lifted its share of the north-central provinces from Thanh Hoa to Thua Thien-Hue from 46 to 54 percent, and Huda held 7.9 percent of national volume in 2023. Street-level draught runs 15,000-25,000 a glass at An Cuu joints, with draught Huda at Hung Vuong beer gardens 20,000-35,000; Numbeo's restaurant median is 20,000. Bottled Huda is 25,000-45,000 in bars and 15,000 for a 330 ml can in a shop. Craft is at Imperial Craft Brewpub, 29 Chu Van An; Dong Ba Brewery brews six house beers but publishes no prices. Tourist tier is the DMZ Bar street on Le Loi, 25,000-45,000 local and 60,000-100,000 imported. No primary Hue venue menu with beer prices could be loaded.",
      "sources": [
        "https://thediscreetgentleman.com/countries/vietnam/hue/an-cuu",
        "https://thediscreetgentleman.com/countries/vietnam/hue/dmz-bar-street",
        "https://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living/in/Hue-Vietnam",
        "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huda_Beer",
        "https://e.vnexpress.net/news/business/brewery-giant-carlsberg-sneaks-into-the-big-leagues-in-vietnam-s-market-3487689.html",
        "https://dongbabrewery.com/our-beer/"
      ]
    },
    {
      "city": "Da Nang",
      "region": "central",
      "dominant_local_brand": "Bière Larue (Heineken Vietnam), first brewed in Da Nang in 1909",
      "bia_hoi_vnd": { "min": 20000, "max": 35000 },
      "local_bottle_vnd": { "min": 15000, "max": 28000 },
      "craft_pour_vnd": { "min": 63000, "max": 69000 },
      "tourist_bar_vnd": { "min": 25000, "max": 390000 },
      "bia_hoi_usd": { "min": 0.77, "max": 1.35 },
      "local_bottle_usd": { "min": 0.58, "max": 1.08 },
      "craft_pour_usd": { "min": 2.42, "max": 2.65 },
      "tourist_bar_usd": { "min": 0.96, "max": 15.0 },
      "tourist_markup_midpoint": 9.7,
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Holds the index's single dearest beer and one of its cheapest in the same city. Sky36, on floors 35-36 of the Novotel on Bach Dang, prices a 500 ml Asahi at 390,000 VND on its own 2026 menu, exclusive of 5 percent service and 10 percent VAT — about 450,000 all-in, roughly twenty times a glass of draught Huda in Hoi An. The An Thuong tourist grid is far tamer at 25,000-120,000. Draught is 20,000-25,000 for a 500 ml plastic glass per an October 2025 city beer guide, against Numbeo's 35,000 restaurant median — a real serve-size gap, not an error. Larue bottles run 15,000-22,000, Huda 15,000-20,000, Tiger 22,000-28,000. Craft is East West Brewing on My Khe beachfront: 69,000 a glass for the beer of the month, or 190,000 for any three at happy hour. Note that 7 Bridges no longer lists a Da Nang taproom, having closed it after storm damage and relocated to Hoi An, yet 2026 guides still quote its Da Nang pint price.",
      "sources": [
        "https://eatdanang.com/da-nang-beer-guide-2025/",
        "https://sky36.vn/menu/",
        "https://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living/in/Da-Nang",
        "https://eastwestbrewing.vn/taproom/da-nang",
        "https://www.thediscreetgentleman.com/countries/vietnam/da-nang/an-thuong",
        "https://heineken-vietnam.com.vn/en/news-events/press-release/larue-biere-sparks-optimism-and-stands-by-central-vietnam.html",
        "https://english.vtv.vn/news/larue-joins-da-nang-food-tour-festival-2026-to-celebrate-the-citys-culinary-identity-20260513170028516.htm"
      ]
    },
    {
      "city": "Hoi An",
      "region": "central",
      "dominant_local_brand": "Huda on draught and in bottle; Larue is Quang Nam's own brand but did not appear on either primary venue menu",
      "bia_hoi_vnd": { "min": 20000, "max": 40000 },
      "local_bottle_vnd": { "min": 40000, "max": 60000 },
      "craft_pour_vnd": { "min": 75000, "max": 160000 },
      "tourist_bar_vnd": { "min": 50000, "max": 160000 },
      "bia_hoi_usd": { "min": 0.77, "max": 1.54 },
      "local_bottle_usd": { "min": 1.54, "max": 2.31 },
      "craft_pour_usd": { "min": 2.88, "max": 6.15 },
      "tourist_bar_usd": { "min": 1.92, "max": 6.15 },
      "tourist_markup_midpoint": 2.1,
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "The best-evidenced row, with two venue-published menus. 3 Dragons at 51 Phan Boi Chau in the Ancient Town pours draught Huda and San Miguel at 20,000 a glass and 40,000 a pint in happy hour, the cheapest named-address beer in the index. Barefoot Beach Club at An Bang publishes bottled Huda and Saigon at 50,000, Tiger 65,000 and Corona 90,000, with draught Huda at 50,000 small to 160,000 large and a 375,000 tower. 7 Bridges Hoi An at 36 Tran Phu prices its own beers at 75,000 small, 110,000 standard and 160,000 stein, VAT included, with weekend and holiday surcharges. Numbeo's restaurant draught median is 35,000. A widely repeated claim of a 5,000 VND bia hoi corner at Hai Ba Trung and Phan Chu Trinh is uncorroborated and was rejected.",
      "sources": [
        "https://hoiannow.com/hoi-an-bars-and-cafes/happy-hours/",
        "https://www.barefoothoian.com/drinks",
        "https://www.7bridges.vn/hoian-menu",
        "https://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living/in/Hoi-An-Vietnam",
        "https://www.vietnamcoracle.com/hoi-an-bars-drinking-guide/"
      ]
    },
    {
      "city": "Quy Nhon",
      "region": "central",
      "dominant_local_brand": "Bia Quy Nhon, a Binh Dinh 330 ml lager at 4 percent; Sabeco also operates a Saigon Quy Nhon brewery",
      "bia_hoi_vnd": { "min": 20000, "max": 40000 },
      "local_bottle_vnd": { "min": 8000, "max": 16222 },
      "craft_pour_vnd": null,
      "tourist_bar_vnd": null,
      "bia_hoi_usd": { "min": 0.77, "max": 1.54 },
      "local_bottle_usd": { "min": 0.31, "max": 0.62 },
      "craft_pour_usd": null,
      "tourist_bar_usd": null,
      "tourist_markup_midpoint": null,
      "confidence": "low",
      "note": "The thinnest central row. Bia hoi venues are documented by name and address — Bia Hoi Ha Noi at 7 Le Duc Tho, Chuong Beo at 177 Le Duc Tho, Hi.Win, Khuiii — but publish only per-person bill ranges of 100,000-200,000 VND, which are not drink prices. The draught figure is Numbeo's, median 25,000 with a range of 20,000-40,000, on only ten entries from two contributors in twelve months. The bottle figure spans a merchant price of about 8,000 for a Bia Quy Nhon bottle (190,000 for a case of 24, plus a 60,000 refundable deposit) to Numbeo's 16,222 retail median. East West Brewing runs an oceanfront taproom at 1B Xuan Dieu but publishes no loadable prices. Note that the 2025 provincial mergers file Quy Nhon under Gia Lai in some 2026 sources.",
      "sources": [
        "https://quynhonreview.vn/topAZ/quan-bia-hoi-o-quy-nhon",
        "https://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living/in/Quy-Nhon-City-Vietnam",
        "https://dacsanbinhdinhonline.com/bia-quy-nhon-chai",
        "https://eastwestbrewing.vn/taproom/quy-nhon"
      ]
    },
    {
      "city": "Nha Trang",
      "region": "south-central",
      "dominant_local_brand": "Bia Saigon and 333 (Sabeco); the local term for fresh draught is bia tuoi, not bia hoi",
      "bia_hoi_vnd": { "min": 10000, "max": 40000 },
      "local_bottle_vnd": { "min": 10000, "max": 40000 },
      "craft_pour_vnd": { "min": 70000, "max": 165000 },
      "tourist_bar_vnd": { "min": 70000, "max": 180000 },
      "bia_hoi_usd": { "min": 0.38, "max": 1.54 },
      "local_bottle_usd": { "min": 0.38, "max": 1.54 },
      "craft_pour_usd": { "min": 2.69, "max": 6.35 },
      "tourist_bar_usd": { "min": 2.69, "max": 6.92 },
      "tourist_markup_midpoint": 5.0,
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Cheapest restaurant draught in the index at a 16,000 VND median, and on the deepest crowdsourced sample of any city here — 250 entries from 26 contributors, updated 6 August 2026 — with a retail bottle median of 15,467. Dedicated bia tuoi quan exist (Ngo Gai at 31 Le Quy Don, Co Do 86 at 76 Yersin) but publish per-person ranges only. Craft is Louisiane Brewhouse on the Tran Phu beachfront, whose own 2026 menu prices house beer at 70,000 for 330 ml, 110,000 for 600 ml, 165,000 for one litre and 395,000 for three, VAT included, with a happy-hour rate of 50,000 on all 330 ml pours. Tourist tier: Sailing Club beer 70,000-130,000, Skylight 80,000-150,000, Altitude 120,000-180,000. The frequently republished 125,000 VND tasting tray at Louisiane traces to a 2017 page; the 2026 trays are 165,000 and 225,000.",
      "sources": [
        "https://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living/in/Nha-Trang",
        "https://louisianebrewhouse.com.vn/international-asian-western-menu",
        "https://louisianebrewhouse.com.vn/lousiane-brewhouse-nha-trang-happy-hours/",
        "https://thediscreetgentleman.com/countries/vietnam/nha-trang/tran-phu-beach",
        "https://danchoi.com/viet-nam/quan-nhau/mien-trung/28957-choi-toi-ben-voi-top-quan-bia-tuoi-nha-trang-uong-la-phe-nhau-la-me"
      ]
    },
    {
      "city": "Da Lat",
      "region": "central highlands",
      "dominant_local_brand": "Bia Saigon and 333 (Sabeco); the local cheap brew is Bia Lanh Thanh Tra from Khanh Hoa, served in plastic bottles",
      "bia_hoi_vnd": { "min": 13000, "max": 60000 },
      "local_bottle_vnd": { "min": 12000, "max": 30000 },
      "craft_pour_vnd": { "min": 45000, "max": 85000 },
      "tourist_bar_vnd": { "min": 25000, "max": 80000 },
      "bia_hoi_usd": { "min": 0.5, "max": 2.31 },
      "local_bottle_usd": { "min": 0.46, "max": 1.15 },
      "craft_pour_usd": { "min": 1.73, "max": 3.27 },
      "tourist_bar_usd": { "min": 0.96, "max": 3.08 },
      "tourist_markup_midpoint": 2.5,
      "confidence": "low",
      "note": "The clearest case of bia hoi as a northern import: the top entry in the city's own cheap-beer round-up is a venue literally named Bia Hoi Ha Noi Local Quan, and that article publishes no prices at all. The draught range is Numbeo's, median 23,532, on only 20 entries from eight contributors; the retail bottle median is 12,000. Da Lat has a real craft cluster — Moi Craft Beer at 49B Truong Cong Dinh, Hoa Thong Brewing, Tram Men, Leme — but only Moi publishes a band, and its 20,000 floor almost certainly covers soft drinks, so 85,000 is the meaningful craft ceiling. Tourist tier is the night-market strip: Maze Bar quotes local beer at 25,000-30,000 with an 80,000 entry that includes a drink, though its own listings disagree by up to a factor of two. Da Lat is the only city here with no beachfront or rooftop premium tier.",
      "sources": [
        "https://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living/in/Da-Lat",
        "https://thangmebia.com/quan-bia-craft-o-da-lat",
        "https://lamdongreview.com/topAZ/quan-beer-o-da-lat-gia-re",
        "https://www.vietnamcoracle.com/dalat-bars-drinking-guide/",
        "https://www.trip.com/moments/poi-maze-bar-149433915/"
      ]
    },
    {
      "city": "Ho Chi Minh City",
      "region": "south",
      "dominant_local_brand": "Bia Saigon Lager, Special and Chill, plus 333 (Sabeco, headquartered here since 1875); Tiger as the mass-premium step up",
      "bia_hoi_vnd": { "min": 25000, "max": 30000 },
      "local_bottle_vnd": { "min": 16000, "max": 24000 },
      "craft_pour_vnd": { "min": 105000, "max": 210000 },
      "tourist_bar_vnd": { "min": 200000, "max": 250000 },
      "bia_hoi_usd": { "min": 0.96, "max": 1.15 },
      "local_bottle_usd": { "min": 0.62, "max": 0.92 },
      "craft_pour_usd": { "min": 4.04, "max": 8.08 },
      "tourist_bar_usd": { "min": 7.69, "max": 9.62 },
      "tourist_markup_midpoint": 11.3,
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Widest in-city spread in the index, roughly fifteenfold. Bia hoi exists but as an imported northern format: the venues are branded Bia Hoi Ha Noi (Quang Hai at 327 Nguyen Van Khoi, Quan 292 on Nguyen Chi Thanh) and price a glass at 25,000-30,000, twice Hanoi's rate. The southern default is a cold bottle or can: GU Binh Dan in Tan Phu lists Bia Saigon Lager at 16,000, Tiger Nau 330 ml at 22,000 and Tiger Bac at 24,000 on its own published menu. Numbeo's restaurant draught median is 30,000 on 1,102 entries from 105 contributors. Craft: Heart of Darkness at 31D Ly Tu Trong pours pints at 145,000-210,000 with a house lager at 105,000, per a tap list timestamped 23 August 2026; Pasteur Street's Q3 2026 menu prices large pours at 110,000-165,000 across twelve city taprooms. Tourist tier: Chill Skybar on the 26th floor of AB Tower lists Carlsberg at 200,000 and a Pasteur Street Jasmine IPA at 250,000, both before 10 percent VAT and 5 percent service — about 230,000 and 287,500 all-in. Bui Vien street level is far cheaper at 10,000-50,000 but no strip venue publishes an itemised menu.",
      "sources": [
        "https://saigonreview.vn/topAZ/quan-bia-hoi-ha-noi-o-sai-gon",
        "https://gubinhdan.com/thuc-don",
        "https://heartofdarknessbrewery.com/pages/beer-menu",
        "https://pasteurstreet.com/pasteur-street-menu/",
        "https://skybar.chillsaigon.com/menu/",
        "https://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living/in/Ho-Chi-Minh-City"
      ]
    },
    {
      "city": "Vung Tau",
      "region": "south",
      "dominant_local_brand": "Bia Saigon and 333 (Sabeco) territory; no city-specific brand sourced",
      "bia_hoi_vnd": { "min": 16000, "max": 50000 },
      "local_bottle_vnd": { "min": 15000, "max": 35000 },
      "craft_pour_vnd": null,
      "tourist_bar_vnd": null,
      "bia_hoi_usd": { "min": 0.62, "max": 1.92 },
      "local_bottle_usd": { "min": 0.58, "max": 1.35 },
      "craft_pour_usd": null,
      "tourist_bar_usd": null,
      "tourist_markup_midpoint": null,
      "confidence": "low",
      "note": "Thin row, published as the southern coastal comparison. Numbeo medians are 20,000 for a 0.5 litre restaurant draught, 27,000 for an imported 0.33 litre bottle and 21,750 for a retail bottle, last updated 17 April 2026 on nine contributors over 18 months, with the page itself warning that some data are estimated. No craft taproom or beachfront venue price could be sourced.",
      "sources": [
        "https://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living/city_result.jsp?country=Vietnam&city=Vung+Tau"
      ]
    },
    {
      "city": "Can Tho",
      "region": "south (Mekong Delta)",
      "dominant_local_brand": "Bia Saigon, 333, Tiger and Heineken — the standard southern mix",
      "bia_hoi_vnd": null,
      "local_bottle_vnd": null,
      "craft_pour_vnd": { "min": 105000, "max": 150000 },
      "tourist_bar_vnd": null,
      "bia_hoi_usd": null,
      "local_bottle_usd": null,
      "craft_pour_usd": { "min": 4.04, "max": 5.77 },
      "tourist_bar_usd": null,
      "tourist_markup_midpoint": null,
      "confidence": "low",
      "note": "One strong figure and three honest gaps. East West Brewing's taproom in the Wink Hotel lobby at 14 Phan Dinh Phung, Ninh Kieu, prices its core range at 105,000 for 330 ml and 150,000 for 500 ml, VAT included — identical in structure to Saigon craft pricing, which is itself the finding: the Mekong Delta's one international-standard taproom charges capital prices. Local bia hoi and bottled prices could not be sourced at item level: Can Tho's quan nhau are listed with per-person spend bands only (Bia Lu 138 at 30,000-130,000, Bia Lanh 76 at 50,000-200,000). The Numbeo row was rejected — four contributors, flagged as estimated, and its market values are identical to Ho Chi Minh City's, a sign of estimation rather than observation. The Ninh Kieu Riverside Hotel's 13th-floor sky bar advertises drinks from 50,000 VND but publishes no beer price.",
      "sources": [
        "https://eastwestbrewing.vn/taproom/can-tho-city---wink-hotel-lobby",
        "https://www.foody.vn/can-tho/bia-lu-138",
        "https://www.ninhkieuriversidehotel.vn/sky-bar",
        "https://thangmebia.com/quan-bia-craft-o-can-tho"
      ]
    },
    {
      "city": "Phu Quoc",
      "region": "south (island)",
      "dominant_local_brand": "Bia Saigon and 333 (Sabeco), with Tiger heavily distributed to island bars and hotels",
      "bia_hoi_vnd": null,
      "local_bottle_vnd": { "min": 21000, "max": 39000 },
      "craft_pour_vnd": { "min": 80000, "max": 120000 },
      "tourist_bar_vnd": { "min": 75000, "max": 130000 },
      "bia_hoi_usd": null,
      "local_bottle_usd": { "min": 0.81, "max": 1.5 },
      "craft_pour_usd": { "min": 3.08, "max": 4.62 },
      "tourist_bar_usd": { "min": 2.88, "max": 5.0 },
      "tourist_markup_midpoint": 3.4,
      "confidence": "low",
      "note": "No bia hoi in the northern sense exists on the island, and the null is the honest entry. What Phu Quoc has instead is resort-scale draught: a Sun Group Draft Beer chain in Sunset Town and at Bai Kem, Sun KraftBeer at Sun Bavaria, a Czech-style bia tuoi house, Phu Quoc Brew House at 88 Tran Hung Dao and Hoppy Daze at 128 Tran Hung Dao. None publishes a per-glass price. Local beer at a street stall runs about 25,000 VND, and island residents' budgets put a Saigon or 333 at 0.80-1.50 US dollars — the band recorded here. Craft at Sun Bavaria GastroPub runs 80,000-120,000 for 330 ml and 250,000-350,000 for a one-litre pitcher, per an August 2026 review rather than a menu. Beach-bar beer is 75,000-130,000. Everything on this island is a travel-media estimate rather than a posted price, because almost every venue is operated by one developer or sits inside a resort.",
      "sources": [
        "https://slowvietnam.com/phu-quoc-prices/",
        "https://phuquoc-homestay.com/blog/phu-quoc-cost-of-living/",
        "https://sunparadiseland.com/SunParadiseLandPhuQuoc/tin-tuc/menu-sun-bavaria-gastropub-co-gi-noi-bat-review-chi-tiet-24374",
        "https://visitphuquoc.com.vn/en/best-places-to-drink-beer-in-phu-quoc",
        "https://sunworld.vn/vi/hon-thom/an-choi/draft-beer-sunset-town-phuquochtml"
      ]
    }
  ]
}